Organizational Behaviour Meeting 1 - 1539 Words

Introduction to OB Study of Organizational Behavior RAGIL SRIHARTO What is OB? †¢ The field that seeks increased knowledge of all aspects of behavior in organizational setting by systematically studying individual, group, and organizational process. OB Characteristics †¢ Applies the scientific method to practical managerial problems – How can goals be set to enhance people’s job performance? – Under what conditions do individuals make better decision than groups? †¢ Focuses on three level of analysis: – Individuals (work attitude, motivation) – Groups (communication) – Organizations (structure) OB Characteristics †¢ Is multidisciplinary in nature †¢ Seeks to improve organizational effectiveness and the quality of life at work†¦show more content†¦F.W. Taylor and Scientific Management †¢ Scientific Management – The systematic study of the relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process for higher efficiency. †¢ Defined by Frederick Taylor in the late 1800’s to replace informal rule of thumb knowledge. †¢ Taylor sought to reduce the time a worker spent on each task by optimizing the way the task was done. Four Principles of Scientific Management †¢ Principles to increase efficiency: 1. Study the ways jobs are performed now and determine new ways to do them. †¢ Gather detailed time and motion information. †¢ Try different methods to see which is best. 2. Codify the new methods into rules. †¢ Teach to all workers the new method. 3. Select workers whose skills match the rules. 4. Establish fair levels of performance and pay a premium for higher performance. †¢ Workers should benefit from higher output Problems with Scientific Management †¢ Managers frequently implemented only the increased output side of Taylor’s plan. – Workers did not share in the increased output. †¢ Specialized jobs became very boring, dull. – Workers ended up distrusting the Scientific Management method. †¢ Workers could purposely â€Å"under-perform.† – Management responded with increased use of machines and conveyors belts. Frank andShow MoreRelatedNursing Administration Theory X, Y and Z978 Words   |  4 Pagesoperates on a set of assumptions about human nature and human behaviour, which was called as Theory X. Accordingly, his assumptions are the following: (1) the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it, if he can, when possible; (2) Because of dislike of a work, most people must be coaxed, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get through, put forth adequate effort towards the achievement of organizational objectives; and (3) the average human being prefers to beRead MoreCase Study - Ecologic1537 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study: ECOLOGIC EMBA Program – Organizational Behavior Version 4.1 1st Version: 15 April 2013 This Version: 20 April 2013 Prepared by : S Satiavani R Reka Luxshmi Overview – Quarter 1 1 2 February Ecologic Setup †¢ Non-profit organization – but need to be selfsustainable †¢ 4 divisions (teams): †¢ Cleanliness of beaches, rivers and lakes †¢ Fund raising †¢ Environmental Audit †¢ Project team (lobbying, materials, etc.) January Capital †¢ Sally inherit $500k †¢ Use $200k toRead MoreCase Study - Ecologic1550 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study: ECOLOGIC EMBA Program – Organizational Behavior Version 4.1 1st Version: 15 April 2013 This Version: 20 April 2013 Prepared by : S Satiavani R Reka Luxshmi Overview – Quarter 1 1 2 February Ecologic Setup †¢ Non-profit organization – but need to be selfsustainable †¢ 4 divisions (teams): †¢ Cleanliness of beaches, rivers and lakes †¢ Fund raising †¢ Environmental Audit †¢ Project team (lobbying, materials, etc.) January Capital †¢ Sally inherit $500k †¢ Use $200k to setup Ecologic 3Read MoreAnswer to Term Paper of Organizational Behaviour1328 Words   |  6 PagesExamination Paper of Organizational Behaviour IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper SubjectCode-B105 Organizational Behaviour Section A: Objective Type Short Questions (30 marks) ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · This section consists of Multiple Choice and short notes type questions Answer all the questions. Part one carries 1 mark each and part two carries 5 marks each. MM.100 Part A:Multiple Choices:1. Which of the following is not comes under Maslow‟s needs theory? 1. Social needs 2. Affiliation needsRead MoreOrganizational Development and Device Managment, List of Organizational Levels1363 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational development can be defined as a systematic process of planning in which to apply scientific principles and practice behaviour are introduced in the organization, towards the goal to increase individual and organizational effectiveness. Organizational development is related to device management of an organization with a method of bringing about organizational change and has a special approach which lays claim to being much more than just another recipe for change management. 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Current perspectives regarding the fundamentals of social responsibility of businesses are listed and discussed through (1) the Davis model of corporate social responsibility, (2) areas of corporate social responsibility, and (3) varyingRead MoreThe Implementation Plan Is Based On Lewins 3 Step Model Of Change1279 Words   |  6 Pagesunitary and coherent organizational image. To accurately identify objectives and set realistic goals, a SWOT analysis can be performed. It is recommended that the new direction of the company is to create a world-class respectful, non-discriminatory workplace where employees enjoy working and learning. 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Advantages of cctv Free Essays

Crime prevention has been somewhat a battle that most authorities face as they try to come up with new measures to deter crime and anti-social behaviour among citizens. One of the ways to prevent these problems is by using Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) in places where there are crime risks such as shopping malls and banks. The CCTV can be defined as the use of video cameras to transmit signals or images to a specific place or set of monitors, which allows close monitoring and surveillance. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages of cctv or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nowadays, CCTVs are widely used to prevent crimes and some are installed in public areas. I agree that it plays an important role in preventing crime and antl-soclal behaviour. Since crime and anti-soclal behaviours such as theft, rape, and other inconsiderate acts can cause damage to our society, measures such as Installing CCTVs in certain areas can be used to deter such acts. The act of breaking the law or antl-soclal behaviour such a vandalism of government property are done because the criminals believe that there is no one or no authorized personnel watching their wrongdoings. They believe that they can escape from the law because there is no evidence or witness to the crime. By installing CCTVs in areas where the crime rate is high, for example, parking lots or car parks, crimes Ilke car theft can be reduced. In a survey done by Northeastern University, it was analysed that the surveillance cameras have helped in crime reduction, with a decline of 51% crime rates In parking lots. Recently, more people are installing CCTVs in their private residence to stop break-ins. Criminals become discouraged when they see these devices. This is because the cameras may record he criminal’s actions and their faces. The cameras’ presence in the area can curb the criminals from committing the crime for fear of being recorded on tape. Besides that, the technology of surveillance cameras have improved throughout the years, providing high quality and high definition videos and images that can capture the details of people’s physical appearance with the exact time and place. This may well instil hesitation and fear in the hearts of law-offenders, thus dampening their urge to commit crimes. The CCTVs do not only discourage the acts of crime, but It serves as roviding critical evidence for certain crimes. For example, CCTVs were substantially useful in the murder of James Bulger in England In the year of 1993. As James’ mother was momentarily distracted in the shopping mall where they were shopping, the surveillance cameras In the shopping mall recorded scenes of how 2-year-old James was abducted by two 10-year-old boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson. They brought him out from the shopping mall and to several places before finally murdering him near a cemetery. The video footage documented by the CCTVs of the hopping mall were attained and displayed in national television by the media. A woman who knew Venables and that he had played truant with Thompson that day, saw the video and recognized him. She immediately contacted the police and the two been recognized, and they may have caused other murders or anti-social behaviours which pose a definite threat to people, in this case, small children. The CCTVs have helped to create hard evidence that is unchallenged. CCTVs have been a very modern measure in reducing crime rates, but some people argue that it actually displaces crime, rather than deterring it. Easily-available mini CCTVs have been known to be used for criminal activity. It can be install at automatic teller machines (ATM) to steal people’s personal identification number without them knowing it. Apart from the fact that it may violate people’s privacy, the CCTVs’ videos are easily hacked and obtained. Some may use these videos illegally for their own use, usually for artistic purposes. In addition, some people think that the CCTVs cannot prevent crime, because crime prevention can only be done through education or correction of behaviour. They think that the surveillance cameras do nothing to inhibit crime, as in some occasions, crime still occur even though the cameras are present. For instance, a bank can still be robbed even with CCTVs operating for 24 hours. During robbery, the robbers can very well conceal their faces from the recording cameras simply by wearing a mask or cloth to avoid recognition. Their acts may be recorded, but their faces have been hidden. As a result, the videos obtained might prove non-useful. That is why some people believe that the CCTVs actually have no role in preventing crime. In conclusion, crime prevention using CCTVs is not the only way to combat crime and anti-social behaviour, but it is one of the practical ways that should be implemented. There are some countries that install CCTVs in public areas for the purpose of deterring crime and anti-social behaviour such as United Kingdom. A survey by University of Cambridge stated that the installations of the cameras have reduced crime and anti-social activity rates in public locations with a drop of 7%. In highways in some countries, CCTVs are fixed to poles or in trees to detect road-bullies nd drivers who exceed the speed limits. So, I strongly believe that the CCTVs are particularly useful in both private housing and public places, as it can create the uncomfortable feeling of being closely observed as offenders commit misconduct. This feeling can generate a consciousness in them, making them reluctant to break the law. Looking at the fgures, these methods have positive effects in controlling crime. Therefore, the CCTVs have a significant role in preventing crime and anti-social behaviour. CCTV Cameras are very useful when it comes to offering reliable monitoring and urveillance to a particular location. They are efficient equipment which help in the prevention of crime; they help keep criminals from breaking inside residences and also stealing valuables. However,’ strongly believe that having CCTV security cameras at home has more disadvantages than advantages. Apart from their strengths, CCTV Cameras are disadvantageous when it comes to personal privacy. Homeowners whoVe got CCTV camera systems set up in their own homes are going to be monitored 2417. They won’t have the capacity to perform what they wish to do ecause they are being watched every single second, every single minute, every single day! It could be very annoying and also troublesome to appear in a video clip in which you have picked out your nose. It could be really irritating that the smallest motion that you try is going to be captured inside a video. Getting several CCTV Cameras and installing the best CCTV cameras at home can certainly help protect against as well as discourage crooks and also intruders. Yet, you’re also limited from performing a lot of things without restraint. There are a few of the disadvantages of CCTV cameras to people’s personal space such as no more personal discussions. Each family member can easily know what you and your pal is discussing over the phone. Your conversation won’t be recorded completely, but it will capture whatever you have said in your conversation. So if it is something against one of the members of the family, everyone will know. Besides that, no more surprises. You can’t plan for your mother’s surprise birthday party together with your brothers and sisters because it will be documented on video. There are security CCTV cameras which can ecord not only the video footage but also the audio clearly. If perhaps you are thinking about surprising your own mommy for her 50th birthday celebration along with your siblings, don’t plan it inside your home because it is going to be found by your mother in case she reads the cameras’ recorded videos. In addition, You’re conscious constantly. Having CCTV Cameras observing you will make you sense mindful. You need to act normally and even severely. You can’t carry out outrageous things like running undressed in your home when you’re home alone. You can’t fart r perhaps burp anywhere indoors. Picking your nose is actually a no-no, too. These will simply embarrass you if your father begins to check out the videos and discovers everything you did. then moping and crying even inside your bedroom shouldn’t be done. Let us say the man you’re dating Just broke up with you and you wanted to be by yourself in your room to weep as well as let your emotions out. But you will find cameras installed inside. Crying inside the bedroom is going to be little bit uncomfortable since everyone will see you moping and crying. How to cite Advantages of cctv, Papers

Community Health Drug

Question: Discuss about the Community Health for Drug. Answer: Introduction Conflict Organizational conflict is the identified state of discord that is caused by the perceived or actual opposition to the interests, values and needs between the colleagues who are working together. Many forms of conflicts exist in organizations and this is due to the inevitable clash between the affected groups and individuals and the formal authority (Clegg, Mikkelsen Sewell, 2015). Some of the common organizational conflicts occur regarding the work procedure, division of revenues and the division of work. Jurisdictional disagreements can occur between the management and the individuals and the unions and the departments. Conflicts can also arise from the personality, jealousies, rivalries and struggles for power. In the health arena, conflict is a growing concern and should be recognized for the physicians during their training. Workplace violence is increasing and most of them remain unresolved or unsatisfactory that affects the staff morale (Graham Folkes, 2014). However, disagr eement acts as a precursor to conflict and expression of different opinions does not lead to a resolution. The underlying factors can result in the precipitation of the transition from the disagreement to the conflict. This essay will discuss the conflict in The Nomads Clinic and will discuss the benefits and challenges of the organizational conflict occurring in the clinic with their effective management. Organizational conflicts in the clinics and healthcare organizations might exist between the various physicians, between the healthcare team or the staff and the patients family or the patient and between the staff and the physicians. The range of the controversies can fall between major controversies to minor disagreements that can lead to violence or litigation (Rinderle, 2013). These conflicts can exert an adverse effect on the patient care, morale and productivity and can result in impeded efficiency, limited staff contributions and higher employee turnover. Healthcare organizations are the complex systems requiring effective cooperation and teamwork for effective functioning. Conflict mismanagement results in a negative impact on patient outcomes and disruption of care. Competing priorities in the healthcare organizational structures often lead to the professional and personal conflicts between the providers of healthcare. Personalities and strong philosophies collide under vari ous pressurized situations like critical decisions, task deadlines and different understanding levels that affect the future decisions. The approach for understanding the conflicts among the various caregivers requires the understanding the environment in which the provision of care was done (Kelly et al., 2014). Good communication is essential before and after the care delivery and therefore, it is essential for the clinics and healthcare organizations to anticipate that conflict and communication skills are the primary predictors to determine the ability of an organization to progress. Although conflict is generally regarded as a negative occurrence, in some ways it can be actually beneficial. Therefore, instead of resolving the conflict, the clinics and healthcare organizations might look for ways to improve their business through the conflicts. Conflict serves to increase the employee engagement and therefore, during the presentation of a new idea, the employees participate actively without the fear of conflict. Without this, bad ideas could have been implemented and that could have affected the organization (Pettigrew, 2014). Conflicts can help in getting the attention of the employees. In case of debates and discussions, conflicts make the employees participate actively without getting immune and express their ideas and this increases the overall quality of the discussions (Vaara et al., 2012). Conflicts help to improve the relationships between the employees as when two employees engage in a conflict in a professional manner, they move on to work together for a longer duration. Therefore, the organizations that promote ethical conflict tend to develop stronger relationships with their colleagues. Conflict are also known to improve the morale of the employee as if they are allowed to get engaged in conflicts by sharing their ideas freely, it makes them feel that they are valued. The ideas get improved as a result of conflict as the employees who are not scared of conflicts and can speak freely can contribute to larger proportions towards the development of the organization. Apart from the benefits of the organizational conflicts, there are several challenges of organizational conflicts in healthcare that requires attention. Conflicts divert the prime objective of the organization as a group of employees struggles with a conflict. Conflicts create groups due to the lack of resources, position and freedom. Due to the attainment of the result of the conflict, decisions get delayed in the organization. The parties start focusing on the differences of interests and opinions that results in the development of perceived conflict and causes deadlocks for conflict resolution and making decisions. The unaggressive members who do not aggressively participate in a conflict or negotiation are made sidelines and this cause to lower their morale for being made the non-participatory members (Harper, 2015). Due to conflicts, the employees avoid listening and try to put forward their individual problems which further aggravate the situation. As the conflict develops thro ugh various stages, it becomes a win or lose situation for the employees that makes the exploration of the available alternatives more difficult. Conflicts are inevitable in healthcare organizations and clinics and the organizations can choose to recognize the conflict as either inherently positive or negative. However, management of conflict is essential and it is a dynamic process that involves the recognition of its various stages with the application of the appropriate intervention (Slaikeu Hasson, 2012). A conflict management procedure must be developed and implemented by The Nomads Clinic so that the quality of care and patient safety does not get affected. It should include recognition of the conflict as the indicator of early detection of the approaching problems. Proactive responses should be promoted for the conflicts and problems. A culture of problem solving, open communication and mutual respect should be encouraged during the intervention or inquiry that is relating to the conflict and appropriate means should be developed for working towards the resolution of the conflict. The stakeholders of the clinic can be included for development of a conflict management procedure by taking their inputs and educating them in the management of conflict in healthcare and making them accountable for the application of the procedure. Change Organizational change is the process by which a healthcare organization changes its organizational structure, technologies, operational methods, strategies and structure for affecting the change in the organization. These changes can occur for distinct time period or can be continuous. The clinicians are on the verge of change and this is often recognized as a great challenge and workplace issue for moving the organization forward. Shifts in the environmental factors can cause the healthcare organizations for changing their strategies (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). Strategic changes have often been found to fail as the individuals do not adopt the necessary behaviors for successful implementation of the new strategies. Successful implementation of the strategic changes requires the individuals to change their behaviors and the leaders can increase the change results by developing general norms like mistake tolerance and teamwork. This causes to increase the readiness for change amo ng the employees (Cameron Green, 2015). This essay will discuss three points that are required for the implementation of a significant change in The Nomads Clinic. Leadership can play a pivotal role in a healthcare organization to bring about change. Various leadership theories can be followed to implement the changes and the operational strategies that can improve the financial outcomes and the quality of care. Administrative leadership can be an effective strategy for implementing change in a healthcare organization. It is the individual actions of the managers for coordination and planning of the organizational activities like the bureaucratic functions for mobilizing the employees. Administrative leaders establish the change to sustain and protect the essential operational functions for meeting the needs of the organization (Jones-Roberts, 2008). There are two fundamental aspects of administrative leadership that includes strategic leadership and operational leadership. Strategic leadership makes the leaders to guide the healthcare organization with a futuristic outlook and they ensure that the outcomes and goals are attained by the employe es by inspiring them with a shared vision and clarifying the purpose. Operational leadership is carried out by the leaders by the activities of supporting and hiring staff members, maintaining a positive climate in the workplace and overseeing the budgets (Van Wart, 2013). The manager of The Nomads Clinic may follow administrative leadership prior to the implementation process as it is beneficial in orchestrating tasks. Prior to the implementation of the change, the manager can share his plans with his employees and can develop a futuristic vision within them. This will make the employees certain about the goals and outcomes of the change and will help to maintain a positive environment in the clinic without any confusion and paranoia. Adaptive leadership can be another effective strategy for implementing change in a healthcare organization as it is a practical framework of leadership that helps the leaders to thrive and adapt in the challenging environments. Collectively and individually, it helps in bringing about a meaningful and gradual process of change. It is an interactive, emergent and dynamic process of leadership that aids in producing adaptive outcomes in the social system by a collaborative change movement. Adaptive leadership is a form of diagnosis of the essentials from the expendables for bringing a challenge to the existing condition. Adaptive leadership is applied by the leaders when the progress and innovations are not attained with the present approaches as a means of change implementation (Styhre, 2002). It innovates, interrupts and diagnoses the approaches for creating the capabilities that are most suitable for the organizational aspirations. It is the real time purposeful evolution. Adaptive leadership studies the multiple perspectives that can be attributed to the change and identifies the gap between the current approaches and the desired state. It works by changing the attitudes and behaviors of the employees along with the provision of new learning (Obolensky, 2014). The leaders adopt the adaptive leadership for employing the relevant tools and processes for building the adaptive capacities of the healthcare organizations. The manager of The Nomads Clinic should adopt the adaptive leadership during the implementation process as it provides with the relevant tools and processes that are required for bringing about the change in the organization by replacing the previous approaches. Enabling leadership can be another effective strategy for implementing change in a healthcare organization by making the entire team a leader. It is the process of discovering ways for actively engaging the employees to work on the issues that will affect them and the organization. The leaders maneuver and foster the conditions that allow emergence and catalyzes adaptive leadership (Uhl-Bien, Marion McKelvey, 2007). With this leadership style, the employees get motivated and committed for bringing about the change in the organization by attaining their goals. The leaders test their motivation and improve their awareness of the impact of their behavior and personality on others. The enable leaders have the humility and confidence that they are always in the process of learning. During the process of the implementation of change, the leader steps back and the team member who has the better knowledge of the implementation process takes over the leadership charges. The leader so appoint ed gains autocratic controls in case of a crisis or emergency and has the authority to empower someone else as the leader who has better knowledge during the period of crisis. This is possible only because the leaders possess the respect and trust of his employees and team members and provides value to every member of the team (Hoegl Muethel, 2016). The leaders take on decisions concerning everyone in the team. The manager of The Nomads Clinic might apply enabling leadership throughout the implementation process as it will involve everyone in the process and the resistance to change will be either less or nil. Considering the input from every employee will be a bit time consuming but it will help to avoid the mishap of choosing the wrong plan. Since The Nomads Clinic is an organization for the homeless patients, therefore changes have to be made considering the various situations under which the volunteer health professionals with these people. Since it is not similar to treating the regular patients, therefore it can be proposed that enabling leadership will be the best possible way to implement the change considering the inputs of the volunteers and making them a part of the implementation process. References Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Clegg, S., Mikkelsen, E. N., Sewell, G. (2015). Conflict: Organizational. InInternational encyclopedia of the social behavioral sciences. Elsevier Science. Graham, S., Folkes, V. S. (2014).Attribution theory: Applications to achievement, mental health, and interpersonal conflict. Psychology Press. Harper, C. (2015).Organizations: Structures, processes and outcomes. Routledge. Hoegl, M., Muethel, M. (2016). Enabling Shared Leadership in Virtual Project Teams: A Practitioners' Guide.Project Management Journal. Jones-Roberts, A. (2008). Change Management in a Home Care Nursing Service: A Partnership to Improve Organization Performance.Home health care management practice. Kelly, E. L., Moen, P., Oakes, J. M., Fan, W., Okechukwu, C., Davis, K. D., ... Mierzwa, F. (2014). Changing work and work-family conflict evidence from the work, family, and health network.American Sociological Review, 0003122414531435. Obolensky, M. N. (2014).Complex adaptive leadership: Embracing paradox and uncertainty. Gower Publishing, Ltd. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014).The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Rinderle, S. (2013).The SAGE handbook of conflict communication. J. G. Oetzel, S. Ting-Toomey (Eds.). Sage. Slaikeu, K. A., Hasson, R. H. (2012).Controlling the costs of conflict: How to design a system for your organization. John Wiley Sons. Styhre, A. (2002). Non-linear change in organizations: organization change management informed by complexity theory.Leadership Organization Development Journal,23(6), 343-351. Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity leadership theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era.The leadership quarterly,18(4), 298-318. Vaara, E., Sarala, R., Stahl, G. K., Bjrkman, I. (2012). The impact of organizational and national cultural differences on social conflict and knowledge transfer in international acquisitions.Journal of Management Studies,49(1), 1-27. Van Wart, M. (2013). Administrative leadership theory: A reassessment after 10 years.Public Administration,91(3), 521-543.